Disparity and Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Disparity and Discrimination - Essay Example Disparity means the â€Å"difference between the ratios of a cognizable group in one population when compared to the ratio of that same group in another population† (Commission on Racial and Ethnic Disparity in the Criminal Justice System, 2004, p. 6). This means that if for example, 15% of women in the USA are arrested, but that 40% of the women arrested are from one racial or ethnic group, disparity is evident. The one racial group (the 40%) is therefore overrepresented, and the other racial groups may be underrepresented. Disparity, however, does not always mean that discrimination is taking place. Discrimination occurs when disparate treatment – when one group is being treated differently from others for â€Å"invalid reasons such as gender, racial and/or ethnic status† (Commission on Racial and Ethnic Disparity in the Criminal Justice System, 2004, p. 6). When disparity is caused by discrimination in the Criminal Justice System, it is of great concern, as the Constitution of the United States of America is contradicted. Therefore, if people from minority groups are more likely to be arrested, or to appear in court, or imprisoned, discrimination is clear, and the situation has to be addressed. Both disparity and discrimination remain characteristics of the Criminal Justice System in the USA, even though the law is meant to prevent especially discrimination. This is true of all levels of the Criminal Justice System: law enforcement, court procedures, and in correction populations. The ratio of African-Americans, Latinos and Native Americans found in every stage of the Criminal Justice System is higher than the ratio of any other ethnic or racial group in the USA (Johnson & Widder Heilman, 2001, website). While it is clear that the proportion of particular race groups does differ from area to area, which would explain the disparity of arrests, it is also clear that nationally,

The North Korean missile defense testing Essay Example for Free

The North Korean missile defense testing Essay The North Korean missile defense testing in the Pacific is a current event that can be considered to have a great impact in the world today. North Korea’s neighbors and the United States are particularly concerned because it just raised the accusations that the North is keeping weapons of mass destruction, which could be more dangerous than those threats posed in Iraq. As Marianne Bray claims, the nuclear class has become a high-stakes no bluff game, where the threats are potentially greater than those posed in Iraq (Bray, 2003). According to her, North Korea might be using its nuclear program as a bargaining tool to get attention, money, food and fuel from the outside. The article by Marianne Bray even if it is true supports the idea that media can make or break a company’s or country’s image. While it is true that North Korea has strong and big armed forces, ranging in about one-million men and several missiles, Bray may have unintentionally led her readers to believe the far-reaching damage that North Korea can give to the world. This may be seen as an exaggeration of the consequences of North Korea’s power. Since North Korea claimed to have launched a nuclear underground test a few weeks ago, there have been doubts if indeed North Korea launched the said test as the explosion was only a small one and it still has to be confirmed if it was from a nuclear weapon. Clearly then, the article by Bray has widened North Korea’s image as a dictator and oppressive regime which can be a great danger to the world. However, she only gave a little importance on North Korea’s economic capability to endure boycotts from other countries and sanctions which will be given by the United Nations. All in all, this article has been negligent because it has been impartial and reported more on the options that might be taken against North Korea by its neighbors and the United States.

Role of the Nurse in Delegation of tasks

Role of the Nurse in Delegation of tasks Delegation is a term that means assigning certain authority or responsibility to a person to carry out that task but the person delegating still maintains the responsibility of the delegated task (Wikipedia, 2010). In the nursing world, delegation is a skill that requires knowledge of what a registered nurse (RN) can delegate and who they can delegate to. It is a competency both recognized by the American Nurses Association (ANA) and National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). Delegation is a complex skill that is best learned through working with other RNs. In order for an RN to delegate, he or she must know their states nurse practice acts, institutions policies and procedures, and the institutions job description for assistive personnel (Potter and Perry, 2005, p. 379). In order for the RN to delegate a task to a nursing assistive personnel (NAP) or another RN, he or she must know the five rights of delegation which includes the right task, right circumstance, right person, right directions and communications, and right supervision and evaluation (ANA, 2009). A right task is delegated when the task being delegated is within the NAP or another RNs scope of practice. The person being delegated to that task must require very little supervision and must be competent at the assigned task. A nurse can assign the NAP to take vital signs from another patient of his or her but not assign him or her to discontinue an IV. If a nurse is in the middle of an important task (i.e, start another IV from a patient whose IV line had infiltrated), she can ask or assign another RN, if that RN is not busy with her own task, to give her other patients their scheduled medications. For a task to be completed in the appropriate time and manner, it must be done under the right circumstances. The delegating RN must look at the overall scenario to see if the delegated task is right for the patient setting and that resources are readily available. A patients condition can change quickly in an acute care setting. An RN with good critical thinking skills can make good clinical decisions based on the clients condition and be able to delegate a task to the NAP. For a good patient outcome, an RN must know who he or she can delegate a task to. Knowing who to delegate a task can make the workflow much smoother. An NAP with very little experience might need constant supervision compare to an NAP who has worked in the facility for years and knows what can be delegated to him or her. Although an inexperienced NAP must need supervision, he or she must not be deprived of clinical experience and that once enough clinical experience, within his or her scope of practice, is achieved, he or she can be a big help to maintain good workflow. Giving the right direction and maintaining good communication with the NAP or other RNs is a big key in maintaining a good work relationship between the RN and the NAP. Communication is a two way process and that it must be proper and appropriate (ANA, 2009). The delegating RN must let the NAP know what he or she expects of them in doing a delegated task. Giving the NAP a clear and complete direction can make the job flow much smoother and manageable. The RN must also let the NAP know that if he or she has any question regarding the delegated task, that the RN will be readily available for him or her as a resource, guide, and support if she has any question (NCSBN, 2005, p.09). Having supervised the NAP by the delegating RN makes sure that the NAP is complying with the practice, policies, and procedures of the working institution and within the NAPs scope of practice. The RN can determine how often he or she can assign the NAP based on patient needs on the nursing unit and supervise the NAP based on the NAPs experience with the task. In supervising the NAP, the RN must make sure that the delegated task is completed on time so that other RNs on the unit may utilize the NAP if needed. If the delegated task is not completed on time, the RN must intervene so that in can meet the facilitys expectation and completed on time (NCSBN, 2005, p.10). Also, if there is an unexpected change in the patients condition while the NAP is performing his or her task, the RN must intervene to assess and check what could be causing the patients change in condition. Knowing who to delegate and what can be delegated can result in good patient outcomes. Delegation is a skill that requires critical thinking and experience. In order for the RN to delegate, he or she must know the five rights of delegation, their state nurse practice acts, and the working facilities policies and procedures on delegation (ANA, 2009). In turn, this helps assure the public and patients that good, safe, up-to-date knowledge on nursing procedures, policies, and standards keep the RNs and NAPs competent on what they do to provide care. In some of the patients and publics view, the RNs are the one taking care of them but some dont realize that without the NAPs, the RN would not be able to provide the needed time and care they need. RNs are highly encouraged to seek help or assistance if they have any questions regarding delegation. This can help the RNs obtain the information they need to provide safe and effective care for the patients and result in good patient outcomes. This also helps them build a good working relationship with the NAPs and that the NAPs are more willing to do the required task without having to ask them the next time. And thus, this frees the RN to tend to his or her more complex patient and in return, have good patient outcomes.

Hawthorne?s Symbolism In The House Of Seven Gables Essay examples -- e

American Literature reflects life, and the struggles that we face during our existence. The great authors of our time incorporate life’s problems into their literature directly and indirectly. The stories themselves bluntly tell us a story, however, an author also uses symbols to relay to us his message in a more subtle manner. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s book The House of Seven Gable’s symbolism is eloquently used to enhance the story being told, by giving us a deeper insight into the author’s intentions in writing the story. The book begins by describing the most obvious symbol of the house itself. The house itself takes on human like characteristics as it is being described by Hawthorne in the opening chapters. The house is described as "breathing through the spiracles of one great chimney"(Hawthorne 7). Hawthorne uses descriptive lines like this to turn the house into a symbol of the lives that have passed through its halls. The house takes on a persona of a living creature that exists and influences the lives of everybody who enters through its doors. (Colacurcio 113) "So much of mankind’s varied experience had passed there - so much had been suffered, and something, too, enjoyed - that the very timbers were oozy, as with the moisture of a heart." (Hawthorne 27). Hawthorne turns the house into a symbol of the collection of all the hearts that were darkened by the house. "It was itself like a great human heart, with a life of its own, and full of rich and somber reminiscences" (Hawthorne 27). Evert Augustus Duyckinck agrees that "The chief perhaps, of the dramatis personae, is the house itself. From its turrets to its kitchen, in every nook and recess without and within, it is alive and vital." (Hawthorne 352) Duyckinck feels that the house is meant to be used as a symbol of an actual character, "Truly it is an actor in the scene"(Hawthorne 352). This turns the house into an interesting, but still depressing place that darkens the book in many ways. Hawthorne means for the house’s gloomy atmosphere to symbolize many things in his book. The house also is used to symbolize a prison that has darkened the lives of its inmates forever. The house is a prison because it prevents its inhabitants form truly enjoying any freedom. The inhabitants try to escape from their incarceration twice. Initially, as Phoebe and C... .... Hawthorne meant to not only entertain with his writings, but also to inform if possible. This explains the extensive use of symbolism in his work. Overall, Hawthorne did not just write a story, he wrote a classic that has stood the test of time. Works Cited Abel, Darrel. The Moral Picturesque: Studies in Hawthorne’s Fiction. Indiana: Purdue UP, 1988. Arac, Jonathan. "The House and the Railroad: Dombey and Son and The House of the Seven Gables." The New England Quarterly volume LI (1978) : 3 - 22. Colacurcio, Michael. "The Sense of an Author: The Familiar Life and Strange Imaginings of Nathaniel Hawthorne." ESQ 103 (1981) : 113. Crowley, Donald. Hawthorne: The Critical Heritage. London: W & J Mackay Co. Ltd., 1970. Erlich, Gloria. Family Themes and Hawthorne’s Fiction: The Tenacious Web. New Jersey: Rutgers UP, 1984. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The House of Seven Gables: An Authoritative Text Backgrounds and Sources Essays in Criticism. Ed. Seymour Gross. New York: W W Norton & Co.,1967. Kaul, A., ed. Hawthorne: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey : Prentice - Hall Inc., 1966. Rountree, Thomas, ed. Critics on Hawthorne. Florida: U of Miami P, 1972.

Images of Power and Authority in Art Essay

Art has been used to portray figures of power and authority many times in history. Different cultures have different ways of portraying the image to have power and authority. One example of using art to portray images of power and authority is the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin. This was made to commemorate King Naram-Sin for his defeat of Lullubi. The King stands alone at the top, taller than everyone else. This shows that he is more powerful than anyone else. The King also wears a horned helmet that shows godliness. Celestial bodies shine upon him also showing him as a deity. His troops are lined up behind him in an orderly fashion, showing his control and also the discipline and organization of his forces. He and his army have complete control of the subdued enemy, showing that he and his army are superior. Art was also used to portray images of power and authority in the times of Ancient Egypt. This is shown in the Statue of Khafre. On the seat Khafre is sitting in there is an image of intertwined lotus and papyrus which symbolizes united Egypt. The falcon covering his head is Horus, the god the sky and heavens. This implies the pharaoh’s divine status. The pharaoh is also shaped with a canon of ideal proportions, which is suitable for someone as perfect as the pharaoh. Also the expression on the pharaoh’s face is calm and shows eternal strength and life. Many of the traits in both examples constitute how their culture’s image of power and authority. Bibliography 1) Gardner’s Art Through the Ages Tenth Edition, p.50,75-76. 2) www.coco.cc.az.us/apetersen/ _ART201/old_king.htm 3) www.coco.cc.az.us/apetersen/ _ART201/akkad.htm 4) â€Å"Ancient Egypt†, World Book Encyclopedia, 1990. Images of Power and Authority in Art Art has been used to portray figures of power and authority many times in history. Different cultures have different ways of portraying the image to have power and authority. One example of using art to portray images of power and authority is the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin. This was made to commemorate King Naram-Sin for his defeat of Lullubi. T he King stands alone at the top, taller than everyone else. This shows that he is more powerful than anyone else. The King also wears a horned helmet that shows godliness. Celestial bodies shine upon him also showing him as a deity. His troops are lined up behind him in an orderly fashion, showing his control and also the discipline and organization of his forces. He and his army have complete control of the subdued enemy, showing that he and his army are superior. Art was also used to portray images of power and authority in the times of Ancient Egypt. This is shown in the Statue of Khafre. On the seat Khafre is sitting in there is an image of intertwined lotus and papyrus which symbolizes united Egypt. The falcon covering his head is Horus, the god the sky and heavens. This implies the pharaoh’s divine status. The pharaoh is also shaped with a canon of ideal proportions, which is suitable for someone as perfect as the pharaoh. Also the expression on the pharaoh’s face is calm and shows eternal strength and life. Many of the traits in both examples constitute how their cultureâ₠¬â„¢s image of power and authority. Bibliography 1) Gardner’s Art Through the Ages Tenth Edition, p.50,75-76. 2) www.coco.cc.az.us/apetersen/ _ART201/old_king.htm 3) www.coco.cc.az.us/apetersen/ _ART201/akkad.htm 4) â€Å"Ancient Egypt†, World Book Encyclopedia, 1990.

Borderline Personality Disorders essays

Borderline Personality Disorders essays According to the latest estimate, five million Americans fit the profile of the borderline personality disorder. One moment calm and engaging, the next raging and impulsive, guilty and self-mutilationg. "Borderlines" puzzle those around them, straining relationships to the breaking point. Many psychiatrists define B.P.D.'s as "a problem with who you are." It is one of the most complicated forms of mental illnesses. They tend to have many problems in thier relationships. They get invloved with other people quickly, but things also get wierd quickly. They're impulsive in a number of ways, many are related to suicide attempts. These attempts usually occur because of a problem in a relationship. People who are most likely to be able to borderline patients are those with extremely high I.Q.'s or other positive personality traits, and mothers with many children. B.P.D. is characterized by stable and persistant ways of behavior and thought. Most psychiatrists say that borderlines are the neediest people in the world, but alienate everyone they seek love from. Borderline Personality Disorder is caused by some defect in early attatchment that leads to the person searching for some type of protective relationship which makes up for what they "unfairly" didn't get in their childhood. It's a desperate search for someone who will take care of them. Most patients can function well as long as they have someone they feel will be there to care for them and believe in them. If the patient feels any sourt of betryal from thier specia lperson, they wll become abusive, obsessive,and in some cases, maybe even stalk the person. Sometimes a person with the disease will even become self-destuctive b/c they will want care ir protection from others. This is how they prevent people from leaving them. Borderline patients do learn from experience. By the time they are 30 years old, they will be able to build relationships or they...